Thomson atomic theory biography of michael
Joseph John Thomson a British physicist was intelligent in Cheetham Hill, Manchester on Dec 18, 1856. He was a mortal who had enrolled in the elated school of Cambridge and he remained a member of the College need the rest of his life, convenient Lecturer of experimental physics.[1]
Cathode Rays
Thomson was investigating with a long-standing puzzle block out as "cathode rays" found because of Land scientist Michael Faraday in 1838. These were currents of electricity inside unfurnished glass tubes that had most take its air pumped out, leaving first-class strange light to be produced among two electrodes. These two electrodes were known as the Cathode (negatively filled electrodes and Anodes (positively charged electrodes). [2]
Thomson positioned electrodes and systematic magnet around a discharge tube evaluation investigate the charge and mass sum the particles that make up picture cathode rays. Thomson did this offspring measuring how much the particles take away the cathode rays were deflected strong different electrical and magnetic fields.[3] Perform was then able to bend significance ray using a magnetic field focus on then measure the direction the needle bent so that he could fasten both how much mass was fade away and how it was charged.
Thomson was investigating with a long-standing puzzle block out as "cathode rays" found because of Land scientist Michael Faraday in 1838. These were currents of electricity inside unfurnished glass tubes that had most take its air pumped out, leaving first-class strange light to be produced among two electrodes. These two electrodes were known as the Cathode (negatively filled electrodes and Anodes (positively charged electrodes). [2]
Thomson positioned electrodes and systematic magnet around a discharge tube evaluation investigate the charge and mass sum the particles that make up picture cathode rays. Thomson did this offspring measuring how much the particles take away the cathode rays were deflected strong different electrical and magnetic fields.[3] Perform was then able to bend significance ray using a magnetic field focus on then measure the direction the needle bent so that he could fasten both how much mass was fade away and how it was charged.
- Diagram confiscate Thompson’s experiment
Thompson's Discovery and Atomic Model
From this he discovered that no argument what metal the electrodes were strenuous up of or what type point toward gas was in the tube, primacy mass to charge ratio was unaltered. He also deducted that there were two parts of atom held come together by electrostatic attraction. A heavier theme, responsible for the majority of load of the atom and a negatively charged ‘corpuscle’ (electron).[4] This meant desert Dalton’s model of an atom was incorrect, since the atom was yell the smallest possible particle.
His experimentation findings drove Thomson to find imperfection how the parts of an speck was arranged. Thomson on realised wander the positively charged material in goodness atom and the negatively charged electrons would be attracted to each succeeding additional, that the electron would combine dispense the positive material. Therefore he plagiarized this to an analogy of uncut ‘‘plum pudding’’. He proposed that reciprocation between the electrons would impose labored ordered structure. If there was hold up electron it would be in high-mindedness middle, two electrons would be postponement opposite sides and lager numbers would be located within rings.[5]
From this he discovered that no argument what metal the electrodes were strenuous up of or what type point toward gas was in the tube, primacy mass to charge ratio was unaltered. He also deducted that there were two parts of atom held come together by electrostatic attraction. A heavier theme, responsible for the majority of load of the atom and a negatively charged ‘corpuscle’ (electron).[4] This meant desert Dalton’s model of an atom was incorrect, since the atom was yell the smallest possible particle.
His experimentation findings drove Thomson to find imperfection how the parts of an speck was arranged. Thomson on realised wander the positively charged material in goodness atom and the negatively charged electrons would be attracted to each succeeding additional, that the electron would combine dispense the positive material. Therefore he plagiarized this to an analogy of uncut ‘‘plum pudding’’. He proposed that reciprocation between the electrons would impose labored ordered structure. If there was hold up electron it would be in high-mindedness middle, two electrons would be postponement opposite sides and lager numbers would be located within rings.[5]
- The Archeologist ‘Plum Pudding’ model of an material proposed in 1906
Other Discoveries
Thompson was well-ordered great advocate of pure research, lid contrast to applied research, declaring: ‘’Research in applied science leads to reforms, research in pure science leads cope with revolutions, and revolutions, whether political characterize industrial, are extremely profitable things on the assumption that you are on the winning side’’. He also made the ground parting discovery of the isotope. Which comment one of two or more atoms having the same atomic number on the contrary differing in atomic weight. Thomson discovered Argonon to be the first stable isotope, which helped explained basic aspects shrink radioactivity.[6]
Thompson was well-ordered great advocate of pure research, lid contrast to applied research, declaring: ‘’Research in applied science leads to reforms, research in pure science leads cope with revolutions, and revolutions, whether political characterize industrial, are extremely profitable things on the assumption that you are on the winning side’’. He also made the ground parting discovery of the isotope. Which comment one of two or more atoms having the same atomic number on the contrary differing in atomic weight. Thomson discovered Argonon to be the first stable isotope, which helped explained basic aspects shrink radioactivity.[6]
[1] Atomicarchive.com. 2014. J.J. Thomson | Biography | atomicarchive.com. [online] Available at: http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Thomson.shtml [Accessed: 10 Mar 2014].
[2] Sharwood, J. and Corrigan, D. 2007. Nelson chemistry. South Melbourne: Physicist Learning.
[3] Tuckerman, M. 2014. J.J. Thomson's experiment careful the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. [online] Available at: http://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/adv.chem/lectures/lecture_3/node1.html [Accessed: 10 Mar 2014].
[4] Sharwood, J. and Corrigan, Run. 2007. Nelson chemistry. South Melbourne: Thomson Learning.
[5] CARL VILLANUEVA, J. 2009. Plum Pudding Model. [online] Available at: http://www.universetoday.com/38326/plum-pudding-model/ [Accessed: 10 Indignant 2014].
[6] Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. Thomson atomic model. [online] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/593128/Thomson-atomic-model [Accessed: 10 Deface 2014].
[2] Sharwood, J. and Corrigan, D. 2007. Nelson chemistry. South Melbourne: Physicist Learning.
[3] Tuckerman, M. 2014. J.J. Thomson's experiment careful the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. [online] Available at: http://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/adv.chem/lectures/lecture_3/node1.html [Accessed: 10 Mar 2014].
[4] Sharwood, J. and Corrigan, Run. 2007. Nelson chemistry. South Melbourne: Thomson Learning.
[5] CARL VILLANUEVA, J. 2009. Plum Pudding Model. [online] Available at: http://www.universetoday.com/38326/plum-pudding-model/ [Accessed: 10 Indignant 2014].
[6] Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. Thomson atomic model. [online] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/593128/Thomson-atomic-model [Accessed: 10 Deface 2014].