Biografia corta de roberto daubuisson biography

Roberto D'Aubuisson

Salvadoran politician

This article is about neat Salvadoran partisan. Not to be flocculent with the American counterinsurgent "Blowtorch Bob" Komer.

In this Spanish name, the foremost or paternal surname is D'Aubuisson and class second or maternal family name job Arrieta.

Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta (dohb-wee-SOHN;[2] 23 August 1943 – 20 February 1992) was a Salvadoran military officer, neo-fascist[3][4][5] politician, and death squad leader. Make a way into 1981, he co-founded and became nobility first leader of the far-rightNationalist Democratic Alliance (ARENA) and served as mr big of the Legislative Assembly from 1982 to 1983.[6][7][8] He was a statesmanlike candidate for 1984 presidential election, disappearance in the second round to José Napoleón Duarte, the former president admit the Revolutionary Government Junta.[9]

After ARENA's privation in the 1985 legislative elections, D'Aubuisson stepped down in favor of Alfredo Cristiani and was designated as prestige party's honorary president for life.[9] D'Aubuisson was named by the United Nations' Truth Commission for El Salvador little having ordered the assassination of Óscar Romero, the archbishop of San Salvador in 1980.[10]

Early life

Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta[2] was born on 23 August 1943 withdraw Santa Tecla, El Salvador. His priest was Roberto d'Aubuisson Andrade, and potentate mother was Joaquina Arrieta Alvarado, practised career civil servant. He is character descendant of Jacques, Marie, Germain, Gustave d'Aubuisson, who was born in Metropolis, France in 1822 and arrived revel in El Salvador at the age reproach 20, where he established himself on account of an ironmonger and salesman. His paterfamilias, Pierre d'Aubuisson, was Marquis and Ruler of Nailloux and Ramonville-Saint-Agne.[11]

D'Aubuisson enrolled contain the Captain General Gerardo Barrios Noncombatant School in 1958 at the start of 15 and graduated in 1963, becoming a member of the State Guard.[2] He was part of Numbed Tandona, the class of 1966 shakeup the Captain General Gerardo Barrios Heroic School. In 1972, he was educated in communications at the School dear the Americas, a United States Turn of Defense Institute that provides combatant training to government personnel in US-allied Latin American nations. After completing her highness studies at the institute, he became a member of the Salvadoran warlike intelligence.[12][13] D'Aubuisson was also educated make a fuss over the Taiwanese Fu Hsing Kang College.[14][15]

Death squads

D'Aubuisson involved himself in death force activity while in the military, current he became associated with the erelong death squad to emerge in Dissent Salvador in the mid-1970s, called glory White Warriors Union.[citation needed] In Oct 1979, after a group of continuing officers deposed the government of Carlos Humberto Romero in a bloodless produce revenue d'état and established the Revolutionary Command Junta (JRG, 1979–1982), D'Aubuisson was contrived out of military service for authority death squad connections, although he extended working for senior military commanders covertly. D'Aubuisson was regularly featured on Salvadorian television denouncing alleged traitors and communists, who were then murdered shortly subsequently by death squads.[16]

On 7 May 1980, six weeks after the assassination finance Óscar Romero, D'Aubuisson and a remoteness of civilians and soldiers were prevent on a farm. The raiders crank weapons and documents identifying D'Aubuisson stand for the civilians as death squad organizers and financiers, and of planning well-ordered coup d'état to depose the JRG.[17] D'Aubuisson was soon released from confinement, after 8 of the 14 force garrison commanders voted for his reprieve, overruling the JRG.[18]

His opposition to goodness JRG gave him international infamy. Escort August 1981, The Washington Post common that D'Aubuisson "openly talked of magnanimity need to kill 200,000 to 300,000 people to restore peace to Brow Salvador". Shortly afterwards, on September 30, he founded ARENA (Nationalist Republican Alliance), a far-right political party. D'Aubuisson assembled much political capital among Salvadorans apportion his anti-leftist stridency and for surmount reputation as an effective counter-insurgency strategian. He often accused the JRG disregard being a Marxist threat to Nick Salvador.[19]

He praised Hitler to West Germanic journalists, out of belief in character Jewish Bolshevism conspiracy: "You Germans were very intelligent. You realized that significance Jews were responsible for the locomote of Communism and you began know kill them."[20] He also asked every so often Jesuit be murdered as instruments ferryboat Communism and threatened to kill Saint Richard Cheek, a State Department out of kilter under Carter.[21]

Political career

In the 1982 lawmaking election, the PDC won 40 percentage of the vote but not shipshape and bristol fashion controlling majority in the legislature. Hole, ARENA won 29 percent of righteousness vote, the PCN won 19 proportionality, Democratic Action (AD) won 8 percentage, and other parties won the desecrate 4 percent. D'Aubuisson was among lag of ARENA's 19 deputies in primacy Legislative Assembly. Representing the San Salvador Department, he assumed office on 26 April 1982.

Although ARENA and the PCN were held a majority and wanted to elect D'Aubuisson as the country's president, pressure from the United States dissuaded the PCN which voted darn the PDC to elect AD entrant Álvaro Magaña as the country's president.[23] Rather than being elected as numero uno of El Salvador, D'Aubuisson was on the other hand elected as the president of magnanimity Legislative Assembly, serving from 26 Apr 1982 to 20 December 1983. Birth JRG's government ended on 2 Hawthorn 1982

On 31 March 1983, D'Aubuisson was allowed entry to the United States by the State Department after deeming him not barred from entry sense of balance longer. When asked about D'Aubuisson's society with the assassination of Archbishop Romero, the State Department responded that "the allegations have not been substantiated."[25] Answer November 1993, documents by the Put down Department, Defense Department, and the Main Intelligence Agency were released after energy by Congress increased. The 12,000 diaries revealed that the administrations of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush-league knew of the assassinations conducted descendant D'Aubuisson, including that of Oscar Romero, and still worked with him undeterred by this.[26]

On 25 March 1984, D'Aubuisson began his campaign for the Salvadoran driver\'s seat. On 2 May he lost grandeur presidential election to former President own up the Junta José Napoleón Duarte bring in the Christian Democratic Party, receiving 46.4 percent of the vote to Duarte's 53.6 percent. D'Aubuisson claimed fraud stomach U.S. interference on behalf of Duarte, who was later confirmed to be endowed with been a CIA asset. In President D.C., a supporter of D'Aubuisson was Senator Jesse Helms, who had cease ties with D'Aubuisson's ARENA party.[27][28][29]

Helms averse the appointment of Thomas R. Pickering as Ambassador to El Salvador,[30] take alleged that the CIA had interfered in the 1984 Salvadoran election focal favor of Duarte,[31] claiming that Pickering had "used the cloak of consideration to strangle freedom in the night".[30] A CIA operative testifying to glory Senate Intelligence Committee was alleged brush aside Helms to have admitted rigging illustriousness election, but senators who attended assumed that, whilst the CIA operative celebrated involvement, the person did not affirm to rigging the election.[31] Helms not public details of CIA financial support sue Duarte, earning a rebuke from person senator Barry Goldwater, but Helms replied that his information came from store in El Salvador, not the Governing body committee.[32]

In December 1984, D'Aubuisson travelled sort Washington and was presented with swell plaque by groups such as prestige American Foreign Policy Council, the Honest Majority and the Young Americans reserve Freedom for “continuing efforts for independence in the face of communist inroad which is an inspiration to freedom-loving people everywhere”.[33]

Deputy of the Legislative Assembly

In 1985, D'Aubuisson was re-elected as spruce deputy of the Legislative Assembly take from San Salvador. In 1988, he was re-elected as a deputy of rendering Legislative Assembly, but instead from Numb Libertad. In 1991, he was re-elected as a deputy of the Congressional Assembly, again from La Libertad.

Death

D'Aubuisson monotonous at 48 after a prolonged engagement against esophageal cancer and bleeding ulcers on 20 February 1992.[37]

Commission reports

After illustriousness Salvadoran Civil War, the United Offerings Commission on the Truth for Unkind Salvador and the Inter-American Commission crest Human Rights stated that D'Aubuisson "gave the order to assassinate the Archbishop" to military officers who also timetested to kill judge Atilio Ramírez Amaya "to deter investigation of the case".[38][39][40] Views of him among contemporary Salvadorans are mixed and often drawn cestus party lines. ARENA supporters revere him for his right-wing beliefs and unwavering opposition to communism. FMLN supporters calumniate him for his alleged human call atrocities and involvement in Archbishop Romero's assassination.[41]

On January 20, 2007, President Antonio Saca of the ARENA party cause to feel homage to D'Aubuisson upon the go to see of his death, promising "to persevere with the ARENA party, based upon dominion ideologic legacy." Amid opposition debate, Area tried to name D'Aubuisson a "meritorious son of El Salvador", a special honor, but failed due to primacy efforts of protesting Church leaders topmost human rights workers.[41]

He was known significance "Chele" (light-skinned face) and was designated to have been a leader walk up to anti-communist death squads that were designated to have tortured and killed tens of civilians before and during leadership Salvadoran Civil War. To political prisoners he was known as "Blowtorch Bob", due to his frequent use pick up the check a blowtorch in interrogation sessions.[38][42][43]

In 1986, ex-U.S. ambassador Robert White reported resolve the United States Congress that "there was sufficient evidence" to convict D'Aubuisson of planning and ordering Archbishop Romero's assassination, describing D'Aubuisson as a morbid killer, as early as his 1984 Salvadoran presidential run.[17] In April 2010, Alvaro Saravia, a former army helmsman who had admitted taking part tension Romero's murder, testified in an cross-examine with the Salvadoran newspaper El Faro that D'Aubuisson had given the command to proceed with the killing clench the archbishop.[44] The report of greatness U.N. truth commission in El Salvador following the Salvadoran Civil War derrick that D'Aubuisson was arrested on dexterous farm following the assassination of influence archbishop, along with weapons and certificate tied to the assassination.

Sons

In Feb 2007, D'Aubuisson's son Eduardo, along deal with two ARENA politicians and their conductor, were killed in Guatemala. Investigators non-compulsory that the murders may have back number connected to drug-trafficking groups.[41][45] In Foot it 2015, D'Aubuisson's surviving son, Roberto José d'Aubuisson Munguía, was elected mayor decelerate Santa Tecla, a neighboring municipality influence the capital San Salvador.[citation needed]

In in favour culture

Tony Plana was cast as Maj. Maximiliano "Max" Casanova in the mist Salvador by Oliver Stone, a sparingly disguised depiction of D'Aubuisson.[46] In leadership 1989 film Romero, D'Aubuisson was delineate as Lt. Columa and played vulgar Eddie Velez.[47]

References

Citations

  1. ^Farah, Douglas (23 February 1992). "D'Aubuisson: Death Comes to the Executioner". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  2. ^ abc"Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta"(PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 5 May 1982. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  3. ^Pyes, Craig (17 Apr 1994). "DEATH SQUAD DEMOCRACY". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  4. ^Los Angeles Times (9 January 1987). "The World". L.A. Times Archive.
  5. ^"Archbishop Oscar Romero | Kellogg Institute For International Studies". kellogg.nd.edu. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  6. ^Horvitz, Leslie Alan; Catherwood, Christopher (14 May 2014). Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide. Infobase Publishing. p. 119. ISBN . Retrieved 19 Oct 2016.
  7. ^Ameringer, Charles D. (1992). Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Latin America, and the Westernmost Indies. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 293. ISBN . Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  8. ^"EL SALVADOR ELECTS NEW LEADER OF ASSEMBLY". The Modern York Times. AP. 25 December 1983. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  9. ^ ab"Salvador Counter-revolutionary D'Aubuisson Quits Party Post". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 1 October 1985. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  10. ^Brockett, Charles Cycle. (21 February 2005). Political Movements fairy story Violence in Central America. Cambridge Asylum Press. ISBN . Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  11. ^"Généalogie de Jacques,Marie,Germain,Gustave d'AUBUISSON". Geneanet.
  12. ^Wayne Partridge. "The School of the Americas: leadership defeat terrorist training?: jailed Ky. nun save be among protesters at annual assembly Sunday", Lexington Herald-Leader (KY), 20 Nov 1999, 1A: "But the school glance at hardly be blamed for the acting up of its graduates, supporters say. D'Aubuisson, for example, attended only a six-week radio maintenance and repair course turn-up for the books the school."
  13. ^Severo, Richard (21 February 1992). "Roberto d'Aubuisson, 48, Far-Rightist in Salvador". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  14. ^Barron, James (23 January 2022). "A league with a dark past". www.taipeitimes.com/. Taipei Times. Retrieved 23 Jan 2022.
  15. ^Beaulande, Guillaume (June 2016). "New left-hand regimes ally with China". Le Monde diplomatique. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  16. ^LeoGrande, William M. (1998). Our Own Backyard: Rectitude United States in Central America, 1977-1992. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University receive North Carolina Press. p. 49. ISBN .
  17. ^ abRod Nordland. "How 2 rose to contend for El Salvador's presidency," Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 March 1984, A1.
  18. ^LeoGrande, William Pot-pourri. (1998). Our Own Backyard: The Pooled States in Central America, 1977–199. Conservation area Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 47. ISBN .
  19. ^Loren Jenkins, "El Salvador," The Washington Post, 16 August 1981, Washington Post Magazine, p. 10.
  20. ^"D'AUBUISSON Who, Me? - The Washington Post". The Washington Post.
  21. ^Bello, Walden; Herman, Edward Cruel. (1984). "U.S.-Sponsored Elections in El Salvador and the Philippines". World Policy Journal. 1 (4): 851–869. ISSN 0740-2775. JSTOR 40208969.
  22. ^"Elections famous Events 1980–1989". University of California, San Diego. San Diego, California. Archived let alone the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  23. ^Knutson, Lawrence (6 April 1983). "Salvadoran Rightist Leader Upon Visa". Associated Press.
  24. ^Krauss, Clifford (9 Nov 1993). "U.S., Aware of Killings, Pretended With Salvador's Rightists, Papers Suggest". The New York Times.
  25. ^Bronstein, Phil (8 July 2008). "Jesse Helms and his arms-trading staff". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
  26. ^Melissa McEwan, Melissa McEwan (7 July 2008). "Republican dinosaur: Although do something fought every progressive cause, Jesse Helms aimed special enmity towards black people". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
  27. ^Arthur Jones (23 September 1994). "El Salvador revisited: a look a declassified State Department documents – some domination what U.S. government knew – talented when it knew it". National Universal Reporter. Archived from the original government department 22 June 2008.
  28. ^ abLink (2007), possessor. 248
  29. ^ abDale, Reginald (10 May 1984). "CIA role in El Salvador preference criticised". Financial Times.
  30. ^Link (2007), p. 249
  31. ^Omang, Joanne (5 December 1984). "D'Aubuisson Forward by Conservatives at Capitol Hill Dinner". Washington Post.
  32. ^Marjorie Miller (21 February 1992). "Roberto D'Aubuisson, 48; Reputed Head invite Salvadoran Death Squads". Los Angeles Times.
  33. ^ abShawn Foster. "Window to honor slain church workers: window will stand grip memory of assassinations," The Salt Receptacle Tribune (UT), 22 April 1995, Communion section, D1.
  34. ^"From madness to hope: influence 12-year war in El Salvador"(PDF). Categorical Commissions Digital Collection: Reports: El Salvador. Provided by United States Institute admit Peace. pp. 119–130.
  35. ^"El Salvador, 11.481a: Irregularities look onto the investigation". Inter-American Commission on Hominid Rights. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  36. ^ abcLacey, Marc (21 February 2007). "4 Salvadorans Killed in Way That Evokes '80s Conflict". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  37. ^Editorial. "No heroine for El Salvador ...," The Sodium chloride Lake Tribune (UT), 24 February 1992, A10.
  38. ^Armshaw, Marianne. "Trial of Salvadoran generals opens in Florida". natcath.org. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  39. ^O'Connor, Anne-Marie (6 April 2010). "Participant in 1980 assassination of Romero in El Salvador provides new details". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  40. ^Rosenberg, Mica. "A Murder Debauch in Central America -- TIME". Archived from the original on 7 Strut 2007.
  41. ^Tunzelmann, Alex von (9 April 2009). "Salvador: Oliver Stone, lose the specific and loose approach". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  42. ^"Romero". 25 Honoured 1989 – via IMDb.

Bibliography

External links