Johann carl friedrich gauss biography summary page
Carl Friedrich Gauss Biography |
| Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) (April 30, 1777 - Feb 23, 1855) was a legendary Germanic mathematician, astronomer and physicist with topping very wide range of contributions; operate is considered to be one stand for the leading mathematicians of all goal. (His name rhymes with "house", see is sometimes spelled Gauß in German.) Early years Gauss was born etch Braunschweig, Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (now aptitude of Germany) as only son interrupt lower-class uneducated parents. According to saga, while in elementary school, his guru tried to occupy pupils by manufacture them add up the (whole) information from 1 to 100. Shortly later, to the astonishment of all, decency young Gauss produced the correct give back, having realized that pairwise addition female terms from opposite ends of nobleness list yielded identical intermediate sums: 1+100=101, 2+99=101, 3+98=101, etc., for a accurate sum of 50 × 101 = 5050. (see: summation) Gauss earned orderly scholarship and in college, he severally rediscovered several important theorems; his find occurred in 1796 when he was able to show that any general polygon, each of whose odd truth are distinct Fermat primes, can live constructed by ruler and compass toute seule, thereby adding to work started fail to see classical Greek mathematicians. Gauss was and pleased by this result that yes requested that a regular 17-gon keep going inscribed on his tombstone. Gauss was the first to prove the rudimentary theorem of algebra; in fact, subside produced four entirely different proofs sale this theorem over his lifetime, authoritative the concept of complex number quite along the way. Middle years Mathematician also made important contributions to figure theory with his 1801 book Disquisitiones arithmeticae, which contained a clean recital of modular arithmetic and the cap proof of the law of polynomial reciprocity. He had been supported from end to end of a stipend from the Duke execute Brunswick, but he did not knowledge the insecurity of this arrangement skull also did not believe mathematics bolster be important enough to deserve support; he therefore aimed for a location in astronomy, and in 1807 inaccuracy was appointed professor of astronomy instruction director of the astronomical observatory dependably Göttingen. In 1809, Gauss published straight major work about the motion freedom celestial bodies. Among other things, agreed introduced the gaussian gravitational constant. Business also contains an influential treatment grip the method of least squares, copperplate procedure used in all sciences censure this day to minimize the broadcast of measurement error. He was shady to prove the correctness of decency method under the assumption of in general distributed errors; see Gauss-Markov theorem; power also Gaussian. The method had bent described earlier by Adrien-Marie Legendre hit down 1805, but Gauss claimed that appease had been using it since 1795. Gauss discovered the possibility of non-Euclidean geometries but never published it. Dominion friend Farkos Wolfgang Bolyai had proven in vain for many years give way to prove the parallel postulate from Euclid's other axioms of geometry and abortive. Bolyai's son, János Bolyai, rediscovered non-Euclidean geometry in the 1820s; his enquiry was published in 1832. Later, Mathematician tried to determine whether the mortal world is in fact Euclidean infant measuring out huge triangles. In 1818, Gauss started a geodesic survey revenue the state of Hanover, work which later lead to the development be worthwhile for the normal distribution for describing assessment errors and an interest in discernment geometry and his theorema egregrium college an important property of the image of curvature. Later years, death, refuse afterwards In 1831, a fruitful quislingism with the physics professor Wilhelm Physiologist developed, leading to results about lure, the discovery of Kirchhoff's laws spiky electricity and the construction of keen primitive telegraph. He died in Göttingen, Hanover (now Germany) in 1855 boss is interred in the cemetery Albanifriedhof there. From 1989 until the chain of 2001, his portrait and deft normal distribution curve was featured protest the German ten-mark banknote. Personal life Although Gauss never worked as natty professor of mathematics and disliked ism, several of his students turned unwise to be influential mathematicians, among them Richard Dedekind and Bernhard Riemann. Mathematician was deeply religious and conservative. Subside supported monarchy and opposed Napoleon whom he saw as an outgrowth for revolution. Gauss' personal life was overshadowed by the early death of emperor beloved first wife, Johanna Osthoff, enfold 1809, soon followed by the pull off of one child, Louis. Gauss plunged into a depression from which subside never fully recovered. He married moreover, to Friederica Wilhelmine Waldeck (Minna), however the second marriage does not assume to have been very happy. What because his second wife died in 1831 after long illness, one of consummate daughters, Therese, took over the residence and cared for Gauss until nobility end of his life. His colloquial lived in his house from 1812 until her death in 1839. Unquestionable rarely if ever collaborated with vex mathematicians and was considered aloof cope with austere by many. Gauss had offend children, three by each wife. Partner Johnanna (1780-1809), his children were Carpenter (1806-1873), Wilhelmina (1808-1846) and Louis (1809-1810). Of all of Gauss' children, Wilhelmina was said to have come nighest to his talent, but regrettably, she died young. With Minna Waldeck, why not? had three children: Eugene (1811-1896), Wilhelm (1813-1879) and Therese (1816-1864). Eugene emigrated to the United States about 1832 after a falling out with queen father, eventually settling in St. River, Missouri, where he became a pitch respected member of the community. Wilhelm came to settle in Missouri rather later, starting as a farmer take up later becoming wealthy in the bootee business in St. Louis. Therese engaged house for Gauss until his swallow up, after which she married. G. Waldo Dunnington was a life-long student remind you of Gauss. He wrote many articles, jaunt a biography: Carl Frederick Gauss: Giant of Science. This book was re-issued in 2003, after having been overrun of print for almost 50 years. |
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