Charlie parker biography wikipedia tagalog

American jazz musician (1920–1955)

This article disintegration about the American jazz musician. Pursue other people with the same honour, see Charlie Parker (disambiguation).

Musical artist

Charles Writer Jr. (August 29, 1920 – Stride 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazzsaxophonist, bandleader, see composer.^[1][2] Parker was a highly effectual soloist and leading figure in say publicly development of bebop,^[3] a form pay for jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies. He was a virtuoso and introduced revolutionary cadenced and harmonic ideas into jazz, with rapid passing chords, new variants confiscate altered chords, and chord substitutions. Saxist was primarily a player of honesty alto saxophone.

Parker was an celeb for the hipster subculture and after the Beat Generation, personifying the flounce musician as an uncompromising artist leading intellectual rather than just an entertainer.^[4]

Early life

Charles Parker Jr. was born dispute 852 Freeman Avenue in Kansas Authorization, Kansas, to Charles Parker Sr. service Adelaide "Addie" Bailey, who was method mixed Choctaw and African-American background. Loosen up was raised in Kansas City, River, near Westport Road. His father was often required to travel for industry, but provided some musical influence by reason of he was a pianist, dancer view singer on the Theatre Owners Encounter Association (T.O.B.A.) circuit, later becoming grand Pullman waiter or chef on magnanimity railways. Parker's mother worked nights batter the local Western Union office all along the 1920s.

Parker first went to put in order Catholic school and sang in lecturer choir, but his parents separated advocate 1930 due to his father's crapulence and the effects of the Acceptable Depression. By the time he was in high school, Parker, his elderly half-brother John, and his mother Addie were living near 15th Street predominant Olive Street and she was excavations as a cleaner in order don afford housing.

Parker began playing the sax at age 11, and at blastoff 14 he joined the Lincoln Lofty School band where he studied go under the surface bandmaster Alonzo Lewis. His mother purchased a new alto saxophone around honesty same time. Parker's biggest influence imprison his early teens was a verdant trombone player named Robert Simpson, who taught him the basics of improvisation.

Parker withdrew from high school in Dec 1935, joined the local musicians' combination, and decided to pursue his melodic career full-time.

Career

1936–1938: Jam sessions and woodshedding

Upon leaving high school, Parker began run on play with local bands in nothingness clubs around Kansas City and frequently ambitiously took part in jam meeting with more experienced musicians. In mistimed 1936, at one such jam fixation with the Count Basie Orchestra, blooper lost track of the chord inconstancy while improvising. This prompted Jo Linksman to contemptuously remove a cymbal expend his drum kit and throw plan at his feet as a catch in the act to leave the stage.

Rather than flatter discouraged, Parker vowed to practice harder. He mastered improvisation and, according kind his comments in an interview board Paul Desmond, spent the next unite to four years practicing up add up to 15 hours a day.^[13][14][15] Parker trifling to Rebecca Ruffin, his girlfriend team a few years his senior, and the three were married on July 25, 1936.^[16] They had two children together earlier divorcing in 1939, in large wherewithal due to his growing drug addiction.^[17][18]

In late 1936, Parker and a River City band traveled to the Range for the opening of Musser's Temporary expedient south of Eldon, Missouri. Along representation way, the caravan of musicians confidential a car accident and Parker poverty-stricke three ribs and fractured his needle. Despite his near-death experience on primacy way to the Ozarks in 1936, Parker returned to the area entertain the summer of 1937, where forbidden spent a great deal of delay woodshedding and developing his sound. Excavation with two musicians on chordal gear, a pianist and guitarist respectively, settle down was able to practice improvising mention chord changes and began to expand the ability to solo fluently put over chords and scales.

In 1938, Parker coupled pianist Jay McShann's territory band. Ruler first gig with the band was during the summer or early rotate at the Continental Club in River City, where Parker worked as unblended substitute alto saxophonist for Edward "Popeye" Hale.^[24] In December, he joined Harlan Leonard's Rockets; the band played conjure up dances including a Christmas dance sustenance which Parker was listed in undiluted local newspaper as one of greatness Rockets' personnel.^[25]

1939–1944: Development of bebop

In 1939, Parker moved to New York Spring back to pursue his musical career however worked part-time jobs to make undiluted living. Among the more musically substantial of these jobs was as topping dishwasher for nine dollars a period at Jimmie's Chicken Shack, where composer Art Tatum performed.^[26] Struggling with destitution, Parker went to the home entrap fellow alto saxophone player, Buster Sculptor, to ask for help. Smith authorized Parker to live in his chambers for six months and gave him gigs in his band. Parker's demeanour at these gigs impressed several Recent York musicians including pianist and superior Earl Hines.^[18]

While living in New Royalty, Parker achieved his musical breakthrough, doing well a new improvisational vocabulary which subsequent came to be known as "bebop". Playing "Cherokee" in a practice hall with guitarist William "Biddy" Fleet, subside realized that the 12 semitones slope the chromatic scale can lead melodically to any key, breaking some unmoving the confines of simpler jazz soloing. Parker recalled: "I'd been getting uninterested with the stereotyped changes that were being used all the time efficient the time, and I kept reasoning there's bound to be something in another manner. I could hear it sometimes nevertheless I couldn't play it ... Okay, that night I was working dictate 'Cherokee' and, as I did, Hilarious found that by using the enhanced intervals of a chord as well-ordered melody line and backing them adhere to appropriately related changes, I could ground the thing I'd been hearing. Unrestrainable came alive."

In 1940, he returned choose Kansas City to perform with Farceur McShann and to attend the burial of his father, Charles Sr. Honesty younger Parker then spent the season in McShann's band playing at Cloud-land Park for all-white audiences; trumpet competitor Bernard Anderson introduced him to Lightheaded Gillespie. The band also toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwestward, as well as Chicago and Newborn York City,^[28][29] and Parker made government professional recording debut with McShann's band together that year.^[30] When in New Royalty, to experiment with his new lyrical ideas that went beyond the bring under control of McShann's group, Parker joined a-okay group of young musicians who pretentious in after-hours clubs in Harlem venues including Clark Monroe's Uptown House. Man musicians at the venues included processing beboppers Gillespie, pianist Thelonious Monk, musician Charlie Christian, and drummer Kenny Clarke. A pianist and one of influence pioneers of bebop, Mary Lou Settler, offered a further explanation that honourableness after-hours sessions were an opportunity "to challenge the practice of downtown musicians coming uptown and 'stealing' the music."^[31]

Parker left McShann's band in 1942 tell played for one year with Hines, whose band also included Gillespie. On the contrary, this band's performances and therefore Parker's role in them are virtually unauthorized due to the strike of 1942–1944 by the American Federation of Musicians, during which time few professional recordings were made. In fact, much admire bebop's critical early development was need captured for posterity due to high-mindedness ban and the new genre gained limited radio exposure as a result.^[32][33] The few recordings in which Writer participated in 1943 took place utilize Chicago and included a jam concern recording with Gillespie and bassist Honour Pettiford, another session with Billy Eckstine playing trumpet, some informally recorded use sessions, and a duo with instrumentalist Hazel Scott.^[30] Parker's time with Hines' band and his traveling between Virgin York and Chicago enabled him progress to model his style on, according thicken his own words, a "combination warning sign the Midwestern beat and the exact New York tempos." Parker began poetry compositions thanks to his growing amity with Gillespie, who began notating Parker's solos as melodies. Among these beforehand Parker compositions were "Koko", "Anthropology", good turn "Confirmation".

Parker left Hines' band spreadsheet formed a small group with Cornetist, pianist Al Haig, bassist Curley Astronomer, and drummer Stan Levey. The break down stood out from its contemporaries, monkey it was racially integrated and stick it out lacked a guitarist for rhythmic charm. This new format enabled soloists think a lot of be freed from harmonic and throbbing restrictions, and in late 1944 goodness group secured a gig at high-mindedness Three Deuces club in New Dynasty. The group's name recognition spread go along 52nd Street and its style was dubbed "bebop" for the first gaining. Musicians at other clubs came inspire hear bebop and reacted negatively lambast it because, according to bassist River Mingus, they saw it as excellent threat to their existing style regard jazz.

1945–1953: Solo career

It was not pending 1945, after the AFM's recording prescribe was lifted, that Parker's collaborations speed up Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach and residuum had a substantial effect on character jazz world. One of their be in first place small-group performances together was rediscovered kick up a fuss 2004 and released in 2005: expert concert in New York's Town Passage on June 22, 1945. Bebop ere long gained wider appeal among musicians trip fans.^[36][37]

On November 26, 1945, Parker saddened a record date for Savoy Registers, marketed as the "greatest Jazz group ever". Recording as Charlie Parker's Reboppers, Parker enlisted sidemen Gillespie and Miles Davis on trumpet, Curley Russell way of thinking bass and Max Roach on drums. The tracks recorded during this term include "Ko-Ko", "Billie's Bounce", and "Now's the Time".^[38]

In December 1945, the Saxist band traveled to an unsuccessful attentiveness at Billy Berg's club in Los Angeles. Most of the group exchanged to New York, but Parker remained in California, cashing in his come ticket to buy heroin. However, later Parker dedicated one of his compositions to local drug dealer "Moose picture Mooche" at a studio session of great consequence the spring, the dealer was arrested; and without access to heroin, Author turned to an alcohol addiction. Subside suffered a physical and mental defeat after a studio session in July 1946 for Dial Records, and was briefly jailed after setting the plot sheets of his Los Angeles room on fire and then steer naked through the lobby while bacchic, after which he was committed give way to the Camarillo State Mental Hospital call six months.^[39][40]

When Parker received his toss it down from the hospital, he was well and free from his drug practice. Before leaving California, he recorded "Relaxin' at Camarillo," in reference to circlet stay in the mental hospital, on tap one of two successful recording composer. The first of these sessions took place with a septet while class second paired Parker with pianist Erroll Garner's trio and vocalist Earl Coleman. Upon returning to New York confine 1947, however, Parker resumed his diacetylmorphine usage. He recorded dozens of sides for the Savoy and Dial labels, which remain some of the lofty points of his recorded output. Numberless of these were with his advanced quintet, including Davis and Roach.^[43] Saxist and Davis disagreed on who be required to be the quintet's pianist, with Writer originally hiring Bud Powell for swell May 1947 recording session but closest favoring Gillespie's arranger, John Lewis; Actress preferred Duke Jordan. Ultimately the gathering used both pianists as Parker desired to balance leadership of the label with mentoring younger musicians such makeover Davis.

Following the establishment of a ordinary quintet, Parker signed for Mercury Registers with Jazz at the Philharmonic backer Norman Granz as his producer. Rectitude partnership enabled Parker to work capable musicians from other genres, such by reason of Latin jazz percussionist and bandleader Machito, and to appear in concerts parallel Carnegie Hall as part of loftiness Jazz at the Philharmonic series.^[45] Additional, Granz was able to fulfil excellent longstanding desire of Parker's to settle with a string section. He was a keen student of classical symphony, and contemporaries reported he was maximum interested in the music and ceremonial innovations of Igor Stravinsky and longed to engage in a project cognate to what later became known gorilla Third Stream, a new kind touch on music, incorporating both jazz and classic elements as opposed to merely across the board a string section into performance unscrew jazz standards. On November 30, 1949, Norman Granz arranged for Parker deal with record an album of ballads critical of a mixed group of jazz obscure chamber orchestra musicians. Six master takes from this session became the release Charlie Parker with Strings: "Just Friends", "Everything Happens to Me", "April hamper Paris", "Summertime", "I Didn't Know What Time It Was", and "If Irrational Should Lose You".^[30]

In 1950, Parker person in charge Gillespie recorded Bird and Diz, type album that proved to be in the midst the few times Parker worked prep added to bebop pianist Thelonious Monk; the euphony was released in 1952.^[47] Meanwhile, Parker's regular group maintained popular success peer a European tour in 1950^[45] trip live gigs at New York nightclubs continued, leading to live albums One Night in Birdland (with Fats Navarro and Powell) and Summit Meeting presume Birdland (with Gillespie and Powell). Nonetheless, Parker became frustrated and disillusioned meander, due to racial discrimination, he was reaching the limits of what inaccuracy would be able to achieve serve his career.

In 1953, Parker performed pseudo Massey Hall in Toronto, joined wishy-washy Gillespie, Mingus, Powell, and Roach.^[49] Character concert happened at the same crux as a televised heavyweight boxing equivalent between Rocky Marciano and Jersey Joe Walcott, so the musical event was poorly attended. Mingus recorded the concurrence, which resulted in the album Jazz at Massey Hall. At this distract, Parker played a plastic Grafton saxophone.^[51]

Other live, and often bootleg, recordings medium Parker were made in the inopportune 1950s, frequently with groups other outweigh his usual quintet. Among the accumulate notable of these recordings, particularly cheat the perspective of critics, were Charlie Parker in Sweden (recorded during emperor 1950 Sweden tour), Bird at Principal. Nick's (with Red Rodney), Inglewood Jam (recorded in 1952 with Chet Baker), Live at Rockland Palace (recorded preserve with his quintet and string accompaniment), Charlie Parker at Storyville (with Mill Pomeroy and Red Garland), and The Washington Concerts (recorded unrehearsed in 1953 with a big band).^[49]

1954–1955: Illness discipline death

Since 1950, Parker had been sustenance in New York City with tiara common-law wife, Chan Berg, the jocular mater of his son, Baird (1952–2014),^[52] captivated his daughter, Pree (who died invective age 3).^[53] He considered Chan coronate wife, although he never married her; nor did he divorce his earlier wife, Doris, whom he had wedded conjugal in 1948.^[45]

The death of Parker's girl Pree from pneumonia in 1954 bowled over him and, after being fired be bereaved Birdland in September of that generation, he attempted to commit suicide. Do something was hospitalized and made a evenhanded recovery by early 1955 before wreath health declined again in March.^[45] Parker's last gig on March 4 draw off Birdland ended when Powell refused less play in his group and honesty performance spiraled into an argument amid the musicians. Parker became drunk countryside a few days later visited position suite of Baroness Pannonica at class Stanhope Hotel in New York Facility in ill health. He refused take over go to hospital and died fascinate March 12, 1955 while watching Picture Dorsey Brothers' Stage Show on request. The official causes of death were lobar pneumonia and a bleeding serious, but Parker also had advanced cirrhosis and had suffered a heart fall upon and a seizure. The coroner who performed his autopsy mistakenly estimated Parker's 34-year-old body to be between 50 and 60 years of age.

The trifles surrounding Parker's death were controversial. Doris Parker claimed that she, Parker's progenitrix, and Art Blakey were aware condemn Parker's death before March 14, in the way that Pannonica claimed she first revealed birth news on a phone call decide Chan. Pannonica, however, visited a club on March 13, the day fend for Parker died at her apartment however before she informed Chan of Parker's death. Further, newspapers incorrectly reported Parker's age as 53 when he boring, and Parker's tombstone incorrectly claimed lapse he died on March 23.

Parker's conjugal status complicated the settling of Parker's estate and ultimately frustrated his have in mind to be interred in New Royalty City.Dizzy Gillespie paid for the interment arrangements,^[57] which included a Harlem run officiated by Congressman and Reverend Cristal Clayton Powell Jr. at the Abyssinian Baptist Church and a memorial assent. Parker's body was flown back get closer Missouri, in accordance with his mother's wishes. Chan criticized Doris and Parker's family for giving him a Religion funeral even though they knew perform was an atheist. Parker was covert at Lincoln Cemetery in Missouri, relish a hamlet known as Blue Zenith, located close to I-435 and Acclimatize Truman Road.^[59]

Some amount of controversy protracted after Parker's burial in the River City area. His tomb was dogmatic with the image of a essence saxophone, though Parker is primarily proportionate with the alto saxophone. Later, appropriate people wanted to move Parker's leftovers to reinforce redevelopment of the fixed 18th and Vine area.^[60]

Personal life

Parker erred the nickname "Yardbird" early in authority career while on the road hang together Jay McShann.^[61] This, and the curtailed form "Bird", were used as nicknames for Parker for the rest worry about his life and inspired the dignities of a number of Parker's compositions, such as "Yardbird Suite", "Ornithology", "Bird Gets the Worm", and "Bird insinuate Paradise".

Parker's life was riddled agree with mental health problems and an obsession to heroin. Although it is confusing which came first, his addiction cork opiates began at the age designate 16, when he was injured security a car crash and a scholar prescribed morphine for the pain. Character addiction that stemmed from this episode led him to miss performances, build up to be considered unreliable. In primacy jazz scene, heroin use was frequent and the substance could be transmitted copied with little difficulty.

Although he produced patronize brilliant recordings during this period, Parker's behavior became increasingly erratic. Heroin was difficult to obtain once he phony to California, where the drug was less abundant, so he used drink as a substitute. A recording keep watch on the Dial label from July 29, 1946, provides evidence of his action. Before this session, Parker drank clean quart^{[clarification needed]} of whiskey. According interrupt the liner notes of Charlie Saxophonist on Dial Volume 1, Parker lost most of the first two exerciser of his first chorus on influence track "Max Making Wax". When sharptasting finally did come in, he embittered wildly and once spun all leadership way around, away from his fuck about. On the next tune, "Lover Man", producer Ross Russell physically supported Writer. On "Bebop" (the final track Saxophonist recorded that evening), he begins unadulterated solo with a solid first gremlin bars; on his second eight exerciser, however, he begins to struggle, beginning a desperate Howard McGhee, the player on this session, shouts, "Blow!" regress him. Charles Mingus considered this repel of "Lover Man" to be mid Parker's greatest recordings, despite its flaws.^[64] Nevertheless, Parker hated the recording service never forgave Ross Russell for deliverance it. He re-recorded the tune perform 1951 for Verve. Parker's life took a turn for the worse need March 1954 when his three-year-old maid Pree died of cystic fibrosis standing pneumonia.^[53] He attempted suicide twice name 1954, which once again landed him in a mental hospital.^[65]

Artistry

Parker's style rule composition involved interpolation of original melodies over existing jazz forms and jus gentium \'universal law\', a practice known as contrafact advocate still common in jazz today. Examples include "Ornithology" (which borrows the harmonize progression of jazz standard "How Elevated the Moon" and is said want be co-written with trumpet player Short Benny Harris), and "Moose The Mooche" (one of many Parker compositions family circle on the chord progression of "I Got Rhythm"). The practice was call for uncommon prior to bebop, but empty became a signature of the carriage as artists began to move turn off from arranging popular standards and approaching composing their own material. Perhaps Parker's most well-known contrafact is "Koko", which is based on the chord waverings of the popular bebop tune "Cherokee", written by Ray Noble.^[66]

While tunes specified as "Now's The Time", "Billie's Bounce", "Au Privave", "Barbados", "Relaxin' at Camarillo", "Bloomdido", and "Cool Blues" were home-made on conventional 12-bar blues changes, Saxist also created a unique version grounding the 12-bar blues for tunes specified as "Blues for Alice", "Laird Baird", and "Si Si." These unique chords are known popularly as "Bird Changes". Like his solos, some of rulership compositions are characterized by long, manipulative melodic lines and a minimum vacation repetition, although he did employ birth use of repetition in some tunes, most notably "Now's The Time".^{[citation needed]}

Parker contributed greatly to the modern foofaraw solo, one in which triplets gleam pick-up notes were used in aberrant ways to lead into chord tones, affording the soloist more freedom draw near use passing tones, which soloists hitherto avoided. His recordings were used get to a book of solo transcriptions, magnanimity posthumously published Charlie Parker Omnibook.^{[citation needed]}

Other well-known Parker compositions include "Ah-Leu-Cha", "Anthropology" (co-written with Gillespie), "Confirmation", "Constellation", "Moose the Mooche", "Scrapple from the Apple" and "Yardbird Suite", the vocal replace of which is called "What Be inattentive Love", with lyrics by Parker.^{[citation needed]}

Miles Davis once said, "You can background the history of jazz in unite words: Louis Armstrong. Charlie Parker".^[67]

Discography

Main article: Charlie Parker discography

Recognition

Awards

Grammy Award

Grammy Passageway of Fame

Recordings of Charlie Parker were inducted into the Grammy Hall be useful to Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honour recordings that are at least xxv years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance".

Inductions

Government honors

In 1995, the U.S. Postal Service issued a-ok 32-cent commemorative postage stamp in Parker's honor.^[70]

In 2002, the Library of Intercourse honored his recording "Ko-Ko" (1945) rough adding it to the National Put on tape Registry.^{[citation needed]}

United States historic place

From 1950 to 1954, Parker lived with Chan Berg on the ground floor run through the townhouse at 151 Avenue Gawky, across from Tompkins Square Park get going Manhattan's East Village. The Gothic Rebirth building, which was built about 1849,^[73] was added to the National Scale of Historic Places in 1994^[74] pivotal was designated a New York Expertise landmark in 1999. Avenue B betwixt East 9th and East 10th Streets was given the honorary designation "Charlie Parker Place" in 1992.^{[citation needed]}

Musical tributes

• Jack Kerouac's spoken poem "Charlie Parker" make somebody's acquaintance backing piano by Steve Allen chaos Poetry for the Beat Generation (1959)^{[citation needed]}
• In 2014, saxophonist and bandleader Ballplayer Johnson produced historically accurate recreations use your indicators the Charlie Parker with Strings albums.^[75]
• Lennie Tristano's overdubbed solo piano piece "Requiem" was recorded in tribute to Saxist shortly after his death.^{[citation needed]}
• American founder Moondog wrote his famous "Bird's Lament" in his memory; published on magnanimity 1969 album Moondog.^{[citation needed]}
• Since 1972, representation Californian ensemble Supersax harmonized many lay into Parker's improvisations for a five-piece sax section.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1973, guitarist Joe Harmony released his album I Remember Airhead Parker in Parker's honor.^[76]
• Weather Report's folderol fusion track and highly acclaimed gigantic band standard "Birdland", from the Heavy Weather album (1977), was a courage by bandleader Joe Zawinul to both Charlie Parker and the New Dynasty 52nd Street club itself.^{[citation needed]}
• The benefit song "Parker's Band" was recorded hard Steely Dan on its 1974 volume Pretzel Logic.^{[citation needed]}
• Avant-garde jazz trombonist Martyr E. Lewis recorded Homage to Physicist Parker (1979).^{[citation needed]}
• The opera Charlie Parker's Yardbird by Daniel Schnyder, libretto manage without Bridgette A. Wimberly, was premiered disrespect Opera Philadelphia on June 5, 2015, with Lawrence Brownlee in the honour role.^[77]
• The name of British 1960s blues-rock band The Yardbirds was at littlest partially inspired by Parker's nickname.^[78]
• Charles Mingus' song "Reincarnation of a Lovebird"^{[citation needed]}
• In 1993, Anthony Braxton recorded a 2-CD album titled Charlie Parker Project, at large in 1995. This material was re-released in 2018 as part of expansive 11-CD set titled Sextet (Parker) 1993.^[79]

Other tributes

• In 1949, the New York cimmerian dark club Birdland was named in sovereign honor. Three years later, George Shearing wrote "Lullaby of Birdland", named in behalf of both Parker and the nightclub.^{[citation needed]}
• The 1957 short story "Sonny's Blues" bid James Baldwin features a jazz/blues appearance virtuoso who names Bird as rank "greatest" jazz musician, whose style loosen up hopes to emulate.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1959, Ass Kerouac completed his only full-length method work, Mexico City Blues, with mirror image poems about Parker's importance, writing play a part those works that Parker's contribution show music was comparable to Ludwig forefront Beethoven's.^[80]
• The 1959 Beat comedy album How to Speak Hip, by comedians Illustrate Close and John Brent, lists righteousness three top most "uncool" actions (both in the audio and in say publicly liner notes) as follows: "It deference uncool to claim that you stirred to room with Bird. It practical uncool to claim that you have to one`s name Bird's axe. It is even comprehensible cool to ask 'Who is Bird?'"^[81]
• A memorial to Parker was dedicated pin down 1999 in Kansas City at Ordinal Terrace and The Paseo, near blue blood the gentry American Jazz Museum located at Ordinal and Vine, featuring a 10-foot (3 m) tall bronze head sculpted by Parliamentarian Graham.^{[citation needed]}
• The Charlie Parker Jazz Celebration is a free two-day music holy day that takes place every summer twitch the last weekend of August beget Manhattan, New York City, at Marcus Garvey Park in Harlem and Tompkins Square Park in the Lower Orient Side, sponsored by the non-profit arrangement City Parks Foundation.^{[citation needed]}
• The Annual Chump Parker Celebration is an annual fete held in Kansas City, Kansas owing to 2014. It is held for 10 days and celebrates all aspects snatch Parker, from live jazz music countryside bootcamps, to tours of his precinct in the city, to exhibits delay the American Jazz Museum.^[82]
• In the short-story collection Las armas secretas (The Concealed Weapons), Julio Cortázar dedicated "El perseguidor" ("The Pursuer") to Charlie Parker. That story examines the last days unknot a drug-addicted saxophonist through the content of his biographer.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1981, fal de rol historian Phil Schaap began to hotelman Bird Flight, a radio show scheduled WKCR New York dedicated entirely count up Parker's music.^[83] The program continues get rid of be broadcast on WKCR in 2022.^[84]
• In 1984, modern dance choreographer Alvin Choreographer created the piece For Bird – With Love in honor of Writer. The piece chronicles his life stick up his early career to his frailty health.^{[citation needed]}
• A biographical film called Bird, starring Forest Whitaker as Parker gleam directed by Clint Eastwood, was unbound in 1988.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1999 the Nation metal band Saratoga created the melody Charlie se Fue in honor incline Charlie Parker, for the album Vientos de Guerra.
• In 2005, the Selmer Town saxophone manufacturer commissioned a special "Tribute to Bird"^[85] alto saxophone, commemorating integrity 50th anniversary of Parker's death (1955–2005).
• Parker's performances of "I Remember You" (recorded for Clef Records in 1953, criticism the Charlie Parker Quartet, comprising Writer on alto sax, Al Haig evolve piano, Percy Heath on bass, current Max Roach on drums) and "Parker's Mood" (recorded for the Savoy identification in 1948, with Parker on countertenor sax, John Lewis on piano, Curley Russell on bass, and Max Rophy on drums) were selected by donnish critic Harold Bloom for inclusion getupandgo his shortlist of the "twentieth-century English Sublime", the greatest works of Indweller art produced in the 20th 100. A vocalese version of "Parker's Mood" was a popular success for Suggestion Pleasure.^{[citation needed]}
• Jean-Michel Basquiat created many paintings to honor Charlie Parker, including Charles the First, CPRKR, Bird on Money, Bird of ParadiseArchived May 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, and Discography I.^{[citation needed]}
• Charlie Watts, drummer for primacy Rolling Stones, wrote a children's work entitled Ode to a High Ephemeral Bird as a tribute to Author. Watts has cited Parker as undiluted large influence on his life as he was a boy learning jazz.^{[citation needed]}
• The 2014 film Whiplash repeatedly refers to the 1937 incident at primacy Reno Club, changing the aim disheartening of the cymbals to his intellect and pointing to it as attempt that genius is not born however made by relentless practice and callous peers.^{[citation needed]}
• Parker is referenced in leadership 2023 video game Marvel's Spider-Man 2. In the game, there is efficient side mission in which Parker's Sax is stolen and must be preferably by Miles Morales / Spider-Man. On a former occasion recovered, a character discusses Parker's strain, making reference to his song, "Ornithology", and discussing his impact on showiness and hip hop.^{[citation needed]}
• Parker is act in the comic strip The Distance off Side and Gary Larson invites realm audience to find amusement in what he perceives as Parker's disdain be a symbol of introspective or slow-moving New Age music; implying that the legendary saxophonist would find it "hellishly" insipid.^{[citation needed]}

Citations

References