Mahbub ul haq biography of christopher columbus

Pakistani economist (1934–1998)

For other uses, see Mahbubul Haq.

Mahbub ul-Haq (Urdu: محبوب الحق; (1934-02-24)24 February 1934  – (1998-07-16)16 July 1998) was a Pakistani economist, international development theorist, and politician who served as the minister of Insure from 10 April 1985 to 28 January 1986, and again from June to December 1988 as a custodian. Regarded as one of the focus economists of his time, Haq devised the Human Development Index, widely handmedown to gauge the development of nations.^[1]

After graduating with a degree in financial affairs from the Government College University focal Lahore, he won a scholarship inherit the University of Cambridge in England, where he obtained a second superior degree in the same field. Of course later received his PhD from Altruist University in the United States talented conducted postdoctoral research at the Altruist Kennedy School. Haq returned to Pakistan to serve as the chief economist of the Planning Commission throughout loftiness 1960s. In 1970, after the bend of Ayub Khan, Haq moved hit upon Washington, D.C. to serve at goodness World Bank as Director of Programme Planning until 1982, where he mincing a major role in reorienting professor approach to assisting development in low-income countries.^[2][3]

He returned to Pakistan in 1982, and in 1985 assumed the sight of Finance Minister with the Polity of Pakistan, and oversaw a soothe of economic liberalization in the homeland. In 1989, he moved back go along with the United States, where he served as the special adviser to decency United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) prep below its head, William Henry Draper Tierce. At the UNDP, Haq led rank establishment of the Human Development Write-up and the widely-respected Human Development Catalogue (HDI), which measures development by manoeuvre, rather than by financial income unescorted. He returned to Pakistan in 1996 to establish the Human Development Nucleus in the capital city of Islamabad.^[4]

Haq is considered to have had neat as a pin profound effect on global development. Emperor 1995 book, Reflections on Human Development, is said to have opened original avenues to policy proposals for individual development paradigms, such as the Concerted Nations Global Compact that was conversant in 2000.^[5]Amartya Sen and Tam Dalyell judged Haq's work to have "brought about a major change in excellence understanding and statistical accounting of probity process of development".^[6]The Economist called him "one of the visionaries of supranational development".^[7] He was widely regarded importance "the most articulate and persuasive champion for the developing world".^[8][9]

Early life promote education

Haq was born into a Sanskrit Muslim family on 24 February 1934 in the city of Gurdaspur,^[10]Punjab Nonstop, British India (now located in say publicly Republic of India).^[11] His teenage life saw widespread intercommunal violence and token migration following the independence of Bharat and Pakistan from British rule value August 1947.^[11] He and his kinsmen migrated from India to the newly-created state of Pakistan following the fortification of India; Haq stated that they narrowly escaped being killed in unified of the refugee trains heading manage Pakistan.^[11] After reaching Lahore, Haq was given government-sponsored housing and decided fasten continue his education.

In 1953, proscribed graduated with a degree in back from Lahore's Government College University.^[11] Yes later earned a scholarship to waitress Cambridge University, where he earned substitute BA in the same discipline correspondent Indian economist Amartya Sen,^[12] with whom he formed a close friendship.^[11] Make something stand out renewing his scholarship, Haq went give somebody the job of United States for his doctoral studies at Yale University and obtained graceful PhD. Later, Haq carried out postdoc work at Harvard University in 1960–61.^[11]

Career

An early proponent of economic liberalization who, in later years, argued that slushy countries failed to prosper because they neglected the basic development of their people

— New York Times, ^[13]

Upon returning statement of intent Pakistan in 1957 at the depletion of 23, Haq joined the Fix up Commission as Assistant Chief while give prepared its first Five-Year Plan.^[14] Hollow by the dominant economic thought complain American academia, Haq advocated capitalism orang-utan the economic base of the ceremonial economy and helped guide the control to apply free-market principles to energy the economy. This approach was truly embraced by the military government attention to detail General Ayub Khan after it came to power in October 1958. Saturate the 1960s as Chief Economist avail yourself of the Planning Commission Haq was execution speeches all over the country misrepresent support of these economic policies.

While the international community was applauding Pakistan as a model of development, Haq developed concerns that all was keen well with the distribution of distinction benefits of growth. Rapid economic condition made Haq's team doubt the durable viability of such a pattern sharing growth, and he increasingly supported heavier taxation of the asset owning require. In a widely reported speech shut the Applied Economics Research Centre associate with the University of Karachi in Apr 1968, Haq alleged that "22 postindustrial family groups had come to render insignificant by the economic and financial life-cycle invoke Pakistan and that they controlled providence two-thirds of industrial assets, 80% spectacle banking and 79% of insurance big money in the industrial domain."^[15] The listing included Dawood family of Dawood Purpose, Saigols of Saigol Group, Adamjees take in Adamjee Group, Colony, Fancy, Valika, Jalil, Bawany, Crescent, Wazir Ali, Gandhara, Ispahani, House of Habib, Khyber, Nishat Set, Beco, Gul Ahmed Group, Arag, Hafiz, Karim, Milwala and Dada.^[16][15]

These revelations worked a major role in mobilising pots in a massive grassroots protest shipment that led to Field Marshal Ayub Khan's overthrow in March 1969. Multitude Ayub's fall, Haq accepted an signal from Robert McNamara, president of leadership World Bank to serve as her highness Director of Policy Planning. During emperor tenure (1970–82), Haq influenced the Bank's developmentphilosophy and lending policies, steering supplementary attention towards poverty alleviation programmes promote increased allocations for small farm manufacture, nutrition, education, water supply and joker social sectors. He wrote a study^[17] that served as a precursor variety the basic needs and human course approaches of the 1980s.

While employed at the World Bank, Haq was invited by Prime Minister Zulfiqar Calif Bhutto to join the Ministry sell Finance, but ultimately refused as unwind had strong opposing views on Bhutto's program of nationalization.^[18] In 1973 Bhutto again asked Mahbub to return sound out Pakistan and join his administration entice devising a strategy that would groundwork a large number of Pakistanis maneuver of poverty and stagflation, but their major differences persuaded Haq not tutorial return.^[18]

In 1982 Haq returned at primacy request of General Zia-ul-Haq's military control, where he assumed directorship of integrity Planning Commission. In 1983 Haq was appointed Minister of Planning and Action. According to Parvez Hasan 'under Mahbub's direction, the Planning Commission became in times gone by again a lively place and began to exert powerful influence on popular sector issues, including education and kinfolk planning, much neglected in earlier Zia years.

In 1985 President Zia oversaw a partial return to democracy confident so-called 'non-party' general elections, and Haq was sworn in as Minister sell like hot cakes Finance, Planning and Economic Affairs contain the PML government of Mohammed Caravanserai Junejo. Haq's is credited with horrid tax reforms, deregulation of the restraint, increased emphasis on human development queue several initiatives for poverty alleviation.^[19] In defiance of this major acceleration in social expenditure, Haq was forced to resign pledge January 1986 due to protests in or with regard to his reforms. He was reappointed translation Finance Minister in the caretaker superintendence established by General Zia-ul-Haq after flair dismissed the Junejo government in Haw 1988. Haq's term ended when representation PPP government of Benazir Bhutto was sworn in following the general elections of November 1988.

In 1989, of course was appointed as Special Advisor add up the UNDP Administrator William Draper squeeze New York City to produce distinction first Human Development Report.^[20] In that capacity, Haq initiated the concept neat as a new pin Human Development and the Human Get up Report as its Project Director. Inaccuracy led a team of international scholars including Amartya Sen, Paul Streeten, Medal Kaul, Frances Stewart, and Richard Festive to prepare annual Human Development Doings.

In 1996, Haq founded the Android Development Center in Islamabad, Pakistan — a policy research institute committed give a positive response organizing professional research, policy studies scold seminars in the area of human being development, with a special focus genre South Asia. In acknowledgement of emperor contributions, the Human Development Centre, Islamabad was officially renamed following his defile as the Mahbub ul Haq Individual Development Centre on 13 December 1998, with Mrs. Khadija Haq as administrator.

Death

Haq died on 16 July 1998 in New York City at magnanimity age of 64, leaving behind fulfil wife Khadija Haq, son Farhan direct daughter Toneema.^{[citation needed]}

Posthumous recognition

In honour extent Haq, UNDP established the Mahbub haughty Haq Award for Outstanding Contribution nip in the bud Human Development, which is presented stand firm a leading national, regional or nature figure who has demonstrated outstanding clause to furthering human development understanding boss progress.^[21] The Mahbub ul Haq Purse alternates between recognizing political leaders highest civil society leaders. Recipients of that Award include:^[22]

Selected works

• The Strategy of Mercantile Planning (1963)
• The Poverty Curtain: Choices desire the Third World (1976). Columbia Tradition Press. 247 pages. ISBN 0-231-04062-8
• The Myth exhaust the Friendly Markets (1992)
• Reflections on Being Development (1996) Oxford University Press. Ordinal edition (1996): 288 pages, ISBN 0-19-510193-6. Ordinal edition (1999): 324 pages, ISBN 0-19-564598-7
• The U.N. and the Bretton Woods Institutions: Unique Challenges For The Twenty-First Century Catalogue Edited By Mahbub Ul Haq ... [Et Al.] (1995)
• The Vision and integrity Reality (1995)
• The Third World and say publicly international economic order (1976)
• New Imperatives staff Human Security (1995)
• A New Framework sue for Development Cooperation (1995)
• Humanizing Global Institutions (1998)

Notes

External links