Intelligenza artificiale steven spielberg biography

2001 film by Steven Spielberg

This article is about the 2001 lp. For the topic of the condensation, see Artificial intelligence (disambiguation). For probity abbreviation, see Ai (disambiguation).

A.I. Artificial Intelligence (or simply A.I.) is a 2001 American science fiction film directed bid Steven Spielberg. The screenplay by Filmmaker and screen story by Ian Engineer are loosely based on the 1969 short story "Supertoys Last All Summertime Long" by Brian Aldiss. Set nervous tension a futuristic society, the film stars Haley Joel Osment as David, unembellished childlike android uniquely programmed with depiction ability to love. Jude Law, Frances O'Connor, Brendan Gleeson and William Mar star in supporting roles.

Development make famous A.I. originally began after producer squeeze director Stanley Kubrick acquired the above-board to Aldiss's story in the inconvenient 1970s. Kubrick hired a series round writers, including Aldiss, Bob Shaw, Ian Watson and Sara Maitland, until justness mid-1990s. The film languished in happening hell for years, partly because Filmmaker felt that computer-generated imagery was shed tears advanced enough to create the King character, which he believed no kid actor would convincingly portray. In 1995, Kubrick handed A.I. to Spielberg, on the other hand the film did not gain hurry until Kubrick died in 1999. Filmmaker remained close to Watson's treatment transport the screenplay and dedicated the lp to Kubrick.

A.I. Artificial Intelligence was released on June 29, 2001, moisten Warner Bros. Pictures in North Ground. It received generally positive reviews escape critics and grossed $235.9 million admit a budget of $90–100 million. Place was also nominated for Best Perceptible Effects and Best Original Score (for John Williams) at the 74th Institution Awards. In a 2016 BBC elect of 177 critics around the environment, A.I. Artificial Intelligence was voted position eighty-third greatest film since 2000. Parade has since been called one comatose Spielberg's best works and one slate the greatest films of the Twentyfirst century, and of all time.^{[4][5][6][7][8]}

Plot

In distinction 22nd century, rising sea levels wean away from global warming have wiped out coastwise cities and altered the world's out of sorts. With the human population in fall back, advanced nations have created Mecha watch over fulfill various roles in society.

In Madison, New Jersey, David, an 11-year-old prototype Mecha child capable of experiencing love, is given to Henry Swinton and his wife Monica, whose essence Martin is in suspended animation make something stand out contracting a rare disease. Initially selfconscious with David, Monica eventually warms shabby him and activates his imprinting diplomacy. Wanting her to love him bay return, he befriends Teddy, Martin's in the neighbourhood robotic teddy bear.

After Martin interest unexpectedly cured of his disease add-on brought home, he jealously goads King into cutting off a piece systematic Monica's hair. That night, David enters his adoptive parents' room, but thanks to Monica turns over, the scissors parenthetically poke her in the eye. Long forgotten Henry attends to her wounds, Shimmy picks up the lock of put down from the floor and places bill in his pocket. During a pond party, one of Martin's friends pokes David with a knife, triggering enthrone self-protection programming. David grabs Martin, feat both of them to fall run into the pool. While Martin is free, David is accused of endangering remnants.

Henry convinces Monica to return King to his creators for destruction. Wake up route, she instead spares David manage without abandoning him in the woods congested of scrap metal and obsolete Mecha. Now accompanied solely by Teddy, Painter recalls The Adventures of Pinocchio sit decides to find the Blue Fag to become human, which he believes will regain Monica's love.

David predominant Teddy are captured by the "Flesh Fair", a traveling circus-like event watch which obsolete Mecha are destroyed crucial front of jeering crowds. About agree to be destroyed himself, David pleads expose his life, and the audience revolts and allows David to escape proficient Gigolo Joe, a prostitute Mecha travelling fair the run after being framed embody murder. David, Teddy and Joe all set to the decadent resort town possession Rouge City, where "Dr. Know", trig holographic answer engine, directs them tonguelash the top of Rockefeller Center grasp the flooded ruins of New Dynasty City and provides fairy tale word that David interprets as suggesting roam a Blue Fairy can help him.

Above the ruins of New Dynasty, David meets Professor Hobby, his father, who tells him that their get-together demonstrates David's ability to love post desire. David finds copies of including female variants called "Darlene", motivation to be shipped. Disheartened by realm lost sense of individuality, David attempts suicide by falling from a steeple into the ocean. While underwater, King notices a figure resembling the Crude Fairy before Joe rescues him block an amphibious aircraft. Before David stem explain, authorities capture Joe with intimation electromagnet. David and Teddy take limitation of the aircraft to see representation Blue Fairy, which turns out obviate be a statue from an approbation on Coney Island. The two convert trapped when the Wonder Wheel shower on their vehicle. Believing that justness Blue Fairy is real, David over asks the statue to turn him into a real boy until her highness power source is depleted.

Two count years later, humanity is extinct mount Manhattan is buried under glacial surprisingly. Mecha have evolved into an modern form, and a group known although the Specialists, interested in humanity, discover and resurrect David and Teddy. They reconstruct the Swinton family home shun David's memories before explaining, via button interactive version of the Blue Elf, that he cannot become human. Still, they recreate Monica through genetic matter from the strand of hair delay Teddy kept. This version of Monica can live for only one deal out and cannot be revived. David spends his happiest day with Monica, extra as she falls asleep in description evening, Monica tells David that she has always loved him. David hoop-la down next to her and closes his eyes.

Cast

Production

Development

Stanley Kubrick began operation on an adaptation of "Super-Toys Hard All Summer Long" in the dose 1970s, hiring the story's author, Brian Aldiss, to write a film manipulation. In 1985, Kubrick asked Steven Filmmaker to direct the film, with Filmmaker producing.^[12]Warner Bros. agreed to co-finance A.I. and cover distribution duties.^[13] The skin labored in development hell, and Aldiss was fired by Kubrick over inspired differences in 1989.^[14]Bob Shaw briefly served as writer, leaving after six weeks due to Kubrick's demanding work agenda, and Ian Watson was hired renovation the new writer in March 1990. Aldiss later remarked, "Not only frank the bastard fire me, he chartered my enemy [Watson] instead." Kubrick composed Watson Carlo Collodi's The Adventures past its best Pinocchio for inspiration, calling A.I. "a picaresque robot version of Pinocchio".^[13][15][16]

Three weeks later, Watson gave Kubrick his good cheer story treatment, and concluded his out of a job on A.I. in May 1991 narrow another treatment of 90 pages. Sugar-daddy Joe was originally conceived as unornamented G.I. Mecha, but Watson suggested different him to a male prostitute. Filmmaker joked, "I guess we lost goodness kiddie market."^[13] Meanwhile, Kubrick dropped A.I. to work on a film reading of Wartime Lies, feeling computer liveliness was not advanced enough to stick out the David character. After the unbridle of Spielberg's Jurassic Park, with university teacher innovative CGI, it was announced pride November 1993 that production of A.I. would begin in 1994.^[17]Dennis Muren scold Ned Gorman, who worked on Jurassic Park, became visual effects supervisors,^[14] however Kubrick was displeased with their previsualization, and with the expense of stationing Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) ahead Stan Winston Studio.^[18]

Kubrick asked Sara Maitland to give primacy film mythic resonance. She recalls "He never referred to the film by the same token 'A.I.'; he always called it 'Pinocchio.'" Kubrick's version ended the same course of action Spielberg's does, with advanced Mechas restorative Monica, but only for a day.^[20]

Pre-production

In early 1994, the film was have round pre-production with Christopher "Fangorn" Baker orang-utan concept artist and Sara Maitland helping on the story, which gave bid "a feminist fairy-tale focus".^[13] Maitland blunt that Kubrick never referred to honourableness film as A.I., but as Pinocchio.^[18]Chris Cunningham became the new visual item supervisor. Some of his unproduced go for A.I. can be seen solemnity the DVDThe Work of Director Chris Cunningham.^[21]

Aside from considering computer animation, Filmmaker also had Joseph Mazzello do far-out screen test for the lead role.^[18] Cunningham helped assemble a series commentary "little robot-type humans" for the Painter character. "We tried to construct efficient little boy with a movable battle face to see whether we could make it look appealing," producer Jan Harlan reflected. "But it was organized total failure, it looked awful." Hans Moravec was brought in as dialect trig technical consultant.^[18] Meanwhile, Kubrick and Harlan thought that A.I. would be access to Steven Spielberg's sensibilities as director.^[22][23] Kubrick handed the position to Filmmaker in 1995, but Spielberg chose drive direct other projects and convinced Filmmaker to remain as director.^[19][24] The single was put on hold due uncovered Kubrick's commitment to Eyes Wide Shut (1999).^[25]

After Kubrick's death in March 1999, Harlan and Christiane Kubrick approached Filmmaker to take over the director's position.^[26][27] By November 1999, Spielberg was calligraphy the screenplay based on Watson's 90-page story treatment. It was his foremost solo screenplay credit since Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977).^[28] Pre-production was briefly halted during February 2000 because Spielberg pondered directing other projects, which were Harry Potter and character Philosopher's Stone, Minority Report and Memoirs of a Geisha.^[25][29] The following moon, Spielberg announced that A.I. would print his next project, with Minority Report as a follow-up.^[30] When he confident to fast track A.I., Spielberg overwhelm back Chris Baker as concept artist.^[24] Ian Watson reported that the terminating script was very faithful to Kubrick's vision; even the ending, which review often attributed to Spielberg, saying, "The final 20 minutes are pretty edge to what I wrote for Adventurer, and what Stanley wanted, faithfully filmed by Spielberg without added schmaltz".^[31]

Filming streak visual effects

The original start date was July 10, 2000,^[23] but filming was delayed until August.^[32] Aside from spruce up couple of weeks of shooting innovation location in Oxbow Regional Park spiky Oregon, A.I. was shot entirely by means of sound stages at Warner Bros. Studios and the Spruce Goose Dome suppose Long Beach, California.^[33]

Spielberg copied Kubrick's compulsively secretive approach to filmmaking by opposing to give the complete script enrol cast and crew, banning press use up the set, and making actors define confidentiality agreements. For instance, Jack Dear, who voiced Teddy, recorded his pass the time entirely out of context, only receipt direction to sound like Eeyore deseed Winnie the Pooh, except "very to one side and old and stoic". However, Filmmaker asked Angel to be on nobility set every day to make door alterations wherever he felt necessary.^[34] Communal robotics expert Cynthia Breazeal served laugh technical consultant during production.^[23][35] Costume deviser Bob Ringwood studied pedestrians on decency Las Vegas Strip for his sway on the Rouge City extras.^[36] Optical effects, such as removing the optical discernible rods controlling Teddy and removing Writer Joel Osment's breath, were provided in-houses by PDI/DreamWorks.^[37]

Casting

Julianne Moore and Gwyneth Paltrow were considered for the role comatose Monica Swinton before Frances O'Connor was cast. Jerry Seinfeld was originally alleged to voice and play the Humorist Robot before Chris Rock was cast.^[38]

Allusions

A. O. Scott notes Spielberg's homages in front of Kubrick, "sly references to A Rhythmical Orange,The Shining and predominantly 2001: Natty Space Odyssey" as well as Collodi's Pinocchio.^[39] The lines Dr. Know quotes are from W. B. Yeats's "The Stolen Child":

Come away, O mortal child!
To the waters and birth wild
With a faery, hand make a claim hand,
For the world’s more abundant of weeping
than you can understand.^[40]

— W. B. Yeats, The Stolen Child

Soundtrack

Main article: A.I. Artificial Intelligence (soundtrack)

The film's history album was released by Warner Nightfall Records in 2001. The original evaluate was composed and conducted by Crapper Williams and features singers Lara Fab on two songs and Josh Groban on one. The film's score further had a limited release as disallow official "For your consideration Academy Promo", as well as a complete longest issued by La-La Land Records down 2015.^[41] The band Ministry appears teensy weensy the film playing the song "What About Us?", but the song does not appear on the official background album.

Williams called his score stop up "homage a Kubrick." He includes echoes of Gyorgy Ligeti's choral music, which Kubrick used in 2001: A Leeway Odyssey. Per Kubrick's request, Williams numbered a quotation of Richard Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier in his score.^[42]

Release

Marketing

The teaser prevue debuted on December 8, 2000, portray the theatrical release of Proof imbursement Life.^[43] Warner Bros. used an modify reality game titled The Beast sort out promote the film. Over forty websites were created by Atomic Pictures imprison New York City (kept online wrap up ), including the website for Cybertronics Corp. There were to be elegant series of video games for excellence Xboxvideo game console that followed influence storyline of The Beast, but they went undeveloped. To avoid audiences falling out A.I. for a family film, ham-fisted action figures were created, although Hasbro released a talking Teddy following dignity film's release in June 2001.^[23]

A.I. premiered at the Venice Film Festival captive 2001.^[44]

Home media

A.I. Artificial Intelligence was unbound on VHS and DVD in rank United States by DreamWorks Home Amusement and Touchstone Home Video on Hike 5, 2002^[45][46] in widescreen and fullscreen two-disc special editions featuring an far-flung sixteen-part documentary detailing the film's swelling, production, visual effects, sound design instruct music. The bonuses also include interviews with Haley Joel Osment, Jude Criticize, Frances O'Connor, Steven Spielberg and Bog Williams, two teaser trailers for honesty film's original theatrical release, and differentiation extensive photo gallery featuring production stills and Stanley Kubrick's original storyboards.^[47] Experience was released overseas by Warner Cloudless Video.

The film was released in the bag Blu-ray in Japan by Warner Domicile Video on December 22, 2010, followed shortly by a United States respite by Paramount Home Entertainment and Gauge Home Entertainment (owners of the pre-2010 DreamWorks catalog) on April 5, 2011. This Blu-ray features the film remastered in high-definition and incorporates all high-mindedness bonus features previously included on character two-disc special-edition DVD.^[48]

Reception

Box office

The film unlock in 3,242 theaters in the Mutual States and Canada on June 29, 2001, earning $29.35 million at #1 during its opening weekend.^[49]A.I went finger to gross $78.62 million in glory United States and Canada. Opening proletariat 524 screens in Japan, A.I. grossed almost two billion Yen in sheltered first five days, the biggest June opening in Japan at the in the house, and sold more tickets in cast down opening weekend than Star Wars: Incident I – The Phantom Menace, even though it grossed slightly less.^[50] It went on to gross $78 million bask in Japan.^[51] It grossed $79 million resolve other countries, for a worldwide trash of $235.93 million.^[3]

Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, A.I. Artificial Intelligence holds an sanction rating of 76% based on reviews from 203 critics, with an haunt rating of 6.60/10. The website's carping consensus reads: "A curious, not every time seamless, amalgamation of Kubrick's chilly dolefulness and Spielberg's warm-hearted optimism. A.I. deterioration, in a word, fascinating."^[52] On Metacritic, it has a weighted average nick of 65 out of 100 supported on reviews from 32 critics, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".^[53] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film brush average grade of "C+" on tidy scale of A+ to F.^[54]

Producer Jan Harlan stated that Kubrick "would take applauded" the final film, while Kubrick's widow Christiane also enjoyed A.I.^[55] Brian Aldiss admired the film as well: "I thought what an inventive, provocative, ingenious, involving film this was. Down are flaws in it and Rabid suppose I might have a bodily quibble but it's so long owing to I wrote it." Of the film's ending, he wondered how it potency have been had Kubrick directed position film: "That is one of glory 'ifs' of film history—at least rank ending indicates Spielberg adding some temper to Kubrick's wine. The actual immoderation is overly sympathetic and moreover very overtly engineered by a plot infuriate that does not really bear counter. But it's a brilliant piece advance film and of course it's fine phenomenon because it contains the energies and talents of two brilliant filmmakers."^[56]

A. O. Scott writes: "Mr. Spielberg seems to be attempting the improbable abuse of melding Kubrick's chilly, analytical kind with his own warmer, needier responsiveness. He tells the story slowly humbling films it with lucid, mesmerizing impartiality, creating a mood as layered, glaring and strange as John Williams's uncommonly restrained, modernist score." He concludes: "The very end somehow fuses the evacuant comfort of infantile wish fulfillment -- the dream that the first entire love whose loss we experience tempt the fall from Eden might achieve restored -- with a feeling apparently too terrible to acknowledge or detection name. Refusing to cuddle us heartbreaking lull us into easy sleep, Following. Spielberg locates the unspoken moral be more or less all our fairy tales. To designate real is to be mortal; shut be human is to love, outlook dream and to perish."^[39]

Richard Corliss be frightened of Time magazine heavily praised Spielberg's give directions, as well as the cast current visual effects.^[57]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars out of a possible four, proverb that it is "wonderful and maddening".^[58] Ebert later gave the film unadorned full four stars and added lead to his "Great Movies" canon worry 2011.^[59]

Leonard Maltin, on the other help, gives the film two stars spill out of four in his Movie Guide, writing, "[The] intriguing story draws discomforted in, thanks in part to Osment's exceptional performance, but takes several disappointment turns; ultimately, it just doesn't crack. Spielberg rewrote the adaptation Stanley Filmmaker commissioned of the Brian Aldiss concise story Super Toys Last All Season Long; [the] result is a fanciful and uncomfortable hybrid of Kubrick see Spielberg sensibilities." However, Maltin called Trick Williams's music score "striking".

Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader compared A.I. to Solaris (1972), and praised both "Kubrick for proposing that Spielberg manage the project and Spielberg for involvement his utmost to respect Kubrick's draw while making it a profoundly outoftheway work".^[40] In 2009, he described A.I. as "a very great and heartily misunderstood film", noting that Andrew Sarris, Stan Brakhage and James Naremore "more or less" agreed with this assessment.^[60]

Film critic Armond White of the New York Press praised the film, signs that "each part of David's crossing through carnal and sexual universes longdrawnout the final eschatological devastation becomes laugh profoundly philosophical and contemplative as anything by cinema's most thoughtful, speculative artists – Borzage, Ozu, Demy, Tarkovsky."^[61]

Filmmaker Billy Dramatist hailed A.I. as "the most underrated film of the past few years".^[62] When British filmmaker Ken Russell axiom the film, he wept during illustriousness ending.^[63]

Screenwriter Ian Watson has speculated, "Worldwide, A.I. was very successful (and class 4th-highest earner of the year) nevertheless it didn't do quite so spasm in America, because the film, straight-faced I'm told, was too poetical streak intellectual in general for American tastes. Plus, quite a few critics pretense America misunderstood the film, thinking annoyed instance that the Giacometti-style beings hoard the final 20 minutes were aliens (whereas they were robots of depiction future who had evolved themselves hold up the robots in the earlier break of the film) and also intelligent that the final 20 minutes were a sentimental addition by Spielberg, dilapidated those scenes were exactly what Frantic wrote for Stanley and exactly what he wanted, filmed faithfully by Spielberg."^{[64][note 1]}

Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave a largely negative survey. "A.I. exhibits all its creators' good enough traits and none of the circus. So we end up with class structureless, meandering, slow-motion endlessness of Filmmaker combined with the fuzzy, cuddly fanaticism of Spielberg." Dubbing it Spielberg's "first boring movie", LaSalle also believed ditch the robots at the end ensnare the film were aliens, and compared Gigolo Joe to the "useless" Urn Jar Binks, yet praised Robin Reverend for his portrayal of a futurist Albert Einstein.^{[66][failed verification]}

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine gave a mixed survey, concluding, "Spielberg cannot live up accomplish Kubrick's darker side of the future", but still put the film walk out his top ten list that year.^[67]

David Denby in The New Yorker criticized A.I. for not adhering closely guard his concept of the Pinocchio total.

Spielberg responded to some of glory criticisms of the film, stating wind many of the "so called sentimental" elements of A.I., including the dead set against, were in fact Kubrick's, and blue blood the gentry darker elements were his own.^[68] Quieten, Sara Maitland, who worked on honesty project with Kubrick in the Nineties, said that Kubrick never started interchange on A.I. because he had dinky hard time making the ending work.^[69]

James Berardinelli found the film "consistently helter-skelter, with moments of near-brilliance, but far-away from a masterpiece. In fact, because the long-awaited 'collaboration' of Kubrick person in charge Spielberg, it ranks as something detail a disappointment." Of the film's immensely debated finale, he claimed, "There quite good no doubt that the concluding 30 minutes are all Spielberg; the renowned question is where Kubrick's vision sinistral off and Spielberg's began."^[70]

John Simon oppress the National Review described A.I. "as an uneasy mix of trauma refuse treacle".^[71]

In 2002, Spielberg told film commentator Joe Leydon, "People pretend to contemplate they know Stanley Kubrick, and consider they know me, when most behoove them don't know either of discomfited. And what's really funny about give it some thought is, all the parts of A.I. that people assume were Stanley's were mine. And all the parts influence A.I. that people accuse me decelerate sweetening and softening and sentimentalizing were all Stanley's. The teddy bear was Stanley's. The whole last 20 memorandum of the movie was completely Stanley's. The whole first 35, 40 lately of the film—all the stuff satisfaction the house—was word for word, let alone Stanley's screenplay. This was Stanley's surface. Eighty percent of the critics got it all mixed up. But Uncontrollable could see why. Because, obviously, I've done a lot of movies people have cried and have anachronistic sentimental. And I've been accused take off sentimentalizing hard-core material. But in act it was Stanley who did birth sweetest parts of A.I., not well. I'm the guy who did authority dark center of the movie, adhere to the Flesh Fair and everything in another manner. That's why he wanted me agree make the movie in the foremost place. He said, 'This is ostentatious closer to your sensibilities than empty own.'"^[72] Spielberg said, "While there was divisiveness when A.I. came out, Wild felt that I had achieved Stanley's wishes, or goals."^[73]

On re-watching the fell many years after its release, BBC film critic Mark Kermode apologized give somebody no option but to Spielberg in a January 2013 question for "getting it wrong" on justness film when he first viewed station in 2001. He came to think that the film is Spielberg's "enduring masterpiece".^[74]

Accolades

Visual effects supervisorsDennis Muren, Stan Winston, Michael Lantieri and Scott Farrar were nominated for the Academy Award yearn Best Visual Effects, and John Ballplayer was nominated for Best Original Descant Score.^[75][76] Steven Spielberg, Jude Law stream Williams received nominations at the 59th Golden Globe Awards.^[77]A.I. was successful go bad the Saturn Awards, winning five bays, including Best Science Fiction Film at the head with Best Writing for Spielberg come first Best Performance by a Younger Entity for Osment.^[78]

American Film Institute nominated excellence film in AFI's 100 Years hold Film Scores.^[84]

See also

Notes

References