Ottorino respighi biography

Ottorino Respighi (Italian pronunciation: [ot:o'rino rez'pi:gi]; July 9, 1879, Bologna - April 18, 1936) was an Italian composer, musicologist and conductor. He is best lay for his orchestralRoman trilogy: Fontane di Roma - "Fountains of Rome"; Pini di Roma - "Pines of Rome"; and Feste Romane - "Roman Festivals". His musicological interest in 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century music led him give somebody no option but to also compose pieces based on honourableness music of this period.

Born in Sausage, he studied composition with Giuseppe Martucci and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Many sources designate that he also studied briefly pick up again Max Bruch, but in her story of the composer, Respighi's wife asserts that this is not the case.^[1] Principally a violinist until 1908, be active then turned primarily to composition. Filth lived in Rome from 1913.

Biography

Ottorino Composer was born in Bologna, Italy. Proscribed was taught piano and violin hunk his father, who was a resident piano teacher. He continued studying falsify and viola with Federico Sarti putrefy the Liceo Musicale in Bologna, composition with Giuseppe Martucci, and historical studies with Luigi Torchi, a scholar be proper of early music. A year after greeting his diploma in violin in 1899, Respighi went to Russia to amend principal violist in the orchestra look up to the Russian Imperial Theatre in Liberated Petersburg during its season of Romance opera; while there he studied rope for five months with Rimsky-Korsakov. Proscribed then returned to Bologna, where noteworthy earned a second degree in opus. Until 1908 his principal activity was as first violin in the Mugellini Quintet. In 1908-09 he spent repellent time performing in Germany before at long last returning to Italy and turning realm attention entirely to composition.

Upon being decreed a teacher of composition at blue blood the gentry Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in 1913, Respighi moved to Rome and quick there for the rest of king life. In 1919 he married orderly former pupil, singer Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo. Flight 1923 to 1926 he was bumptious of the Conservatorio. In 1925 forbidden collaborated with Sebastiano Arturo Luciani sweettalk an elementary textbook entitled Orpheus. Inaccuracy was elected to the Royal Institution of Italy in 1932.

A visit say yes Brazil resulted in the composition Brazilian Impressions. Initially he intended to control a sequence of five pieces, however by 1928 he had completed lone three, and decided to present what he had. Its first performance was in 1928 in Rio de Janeiro. The first piece is a notturno, "Tropical Night", with fragments of coruscate rhythms suggested by the sensuous textures. The second piece is a disquieting picture of a snake research society, Instituto Butantan, that Respighi visited dilemma São Paulo, with hints of call (as in The Pines of Rome). The final movement is a forceful and colorful Brazilian dance.

On the prime back home from Rio de Janeiro, Respighi met up by chance involve Italian physicist Enrico Fermi. During their long conversation Fermi tried to catch on Respighi to explain music in provisos of physics, which Respighi was unqualified to do. Nonetheless, they remained wrap up friends until Respighi's death in 1936.^[2]

Respighi maintained an uneasy relationship with Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party during top later years. He vouched for additional outspoken critics such as Arturo Conductor, allowing them to continue to duct under the regime.^[3]Feste Romane, the position part of his Roman trilogy, was premiered by Toscanini and the Recent York Philharmonic Orchestra in 1929; Director recorded the music twice for RCA Victor, first with the Philadelphia Pack in 1942 and then with dignity NBC Symphony Orchestra in 1949, jaunt RCA released both versions, first band LP and then CD. Respighi's harmony had considerable success in the USA: the Toccata for piano and orchestra was premiered (with Respighi as soloist) under Willem Mengelberg with the Different York Philharmonic Orchestra at Carnegie Vestibule in November 1928, and the large-scale theme and variations entitled Metamorphoseon was a commission for the fiftieth go to see of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

In fillet role as musicologist, Respighi was additionally an enthusiastic scholar of Italian masterpiece of the 16th-18th centuries. He available editions of the music of Claudio Monteverdi and Antonio Vivaldi, and recognize Benedetto Marcello's Didone. Because of realm devotion to these older figures flourishing their styles of composing, it critique tempting to see him as unornamented typical exponent of Neo-classicism. In accomplishment, Neo-Renaissance or Neo-Baroque would probably additional accurately describe his compositions that idea based on earlier work. Respighi for the most part kept clear of the musical patois of the classical period, unlike governing neo-classical composers. He preferred combining pre-classical melodic styles and musical forms (like dance suites) with typical late Ordinal century romanticharmonies and textures.

He continued nod compose and tour until January 1936, after which he became increasingly more readily. A cardiac infection led to consummate death by heart failure on Apr 18 of that year at integrity age of 56. A year afterwards his burial, his remains were prudent to his birthplace Bologna and reinterred at the city's expense.

Works

Opera

Ballet

• La Boutique fantasque (1918), which borrows tunes from leadership 19th century composer Rossini. Premiered remit London on June 5, 1919.
• Sèvres median la vieille France (1920)
• La Pentola magica (1920)
• Le astuzie de Columbina (1920)
• Belkis, Regina di Saba (1930), his last weigh up for ballet

Orchestral

• Symphonic Variations (1900)
• Preludio, corale line fuga (1901)
• Suite in E major (Sinfonia) (1901 rev. 1903)
• Burlesca (1906)
• Ouverture carnevalesca (1913)
• Sinfonia Drammatica (1913–14)
• The Roman trilogy (three harmonious poems evoking Roman places and earlier of day)
• Ancient Airs and Dances
  • Suite No. 1 (1917), based on Renaissancelute pieces by Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei (father of Galileo Galilei), and more anonymous composers.
  • Suite No. 2 (1923), homeproduced on pieces for lute, archlute, contemporary viol by Fabrizio Caroso, Jean-Baptiste Besard, Bernardo Gianoncelli, and an anonymous architect. It also interpolates an aria attributed to Marin Mersenne.
  • Suite No. 3 (1932), which differs from the previous join suites in being arranged for strings only and somewhat melancholy in panoramic mood. It is based on insipid songs by Besard, a piece replace baroque guitar by Ludovico Roncalli, stake lute pieces by Santino Garsi tipple Parma and additional anonymous composers.
• Ballata delle Gnomidi (Dance of the Gnomes) (1920), based on a poem by Claudio Clausetti
• Rossiniana (1925) - free transcriptions munch through Rossini's Les petits riens
• Vetrate di chiesa (Church Windows) (1925), four movements emancipation which three are based on Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane for forte-piano (1919)
• Gli Uccelli (The Birds) (1927), homegrown on Baroque pieces imitating birds. End comprises Introduzione (Bernardo Pasquini), La Colomba (Jacques de Callot), La Gallina (Rameau), L'Usignolo (anonymous English composer of class seventeenth century) and Il Cucu (Pasquini)
• Trittico Botticelliano (1927)
• Brazilian Impressions (1928)
• Metamorphoseon Modi XII: Tema e Variazioni (1930)

Concerto

• Piano
  • Piano Concerto in A minor (1902)
  • Fantasia Slava (1903)
  • Concerto in modo misolidio (Concerto in leadership Mixolydian mode) (1925)
  • Toccata for Piano skull Orchestra (1928)
• Violin
  • Concerto per Violino (in A major) (1903) - completed emergency Salvatore Di Vittorio (2009)
  • Concerto all'antica (1908)
  • Concerto Gregoriano (1921)
  • Poema Autunnale (Autumn Poem) (1920-5)
• Suite in G major for organ skull string orchestra (1905)
• Adagio con variazioni (1920), for cello and orchestra
• Concerto a cinque (Concerto for Five) (1933), for hautboy, trumpet, piano, viola d'amore, double-bass, be proof against strings

Vocal/Choral

• Christus (text by Respighi) (1898–99), Scriptural cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra
• Nebbie (1906), voice and piano
• Stornellatrice (1906?), speak and piano
• Cinque canti all'antica (1906), tab and piano
• Aretusa (text by Shelley) (1910–11), cantata for mezzo-soprano and orchestra
• La Sensitiva (The Sensitive Plant, text by Shelley) (1914), for mezzo-soprano and orchestra
• Il Tramonto (The sunset, text by Shelley) (1914), for mezzo-soprano and string quartet (or string orchestra)
• Dietà silvane (Woodland Deities, texts by Antonio Rubino) (1917), song-cycle oblige soprano and small orchestra
• Cinque liriche (1917), voice and piano
• Quattro liriche (Gabriele d'Annunzio) (1920), voice and piano
• La Primavera (The Spring, texts by Constant Zarian) (1922) lyric poem for soli, chorus put up with orchestra
• Lauda per la Natività del Signore (Laud to the Nativity, text attributed to Jacopone da Todi) (1930), swell cantata for three soloists (soprano, mezzo, tenor), mixed chorus (including substantial sections for 8-part mixed and TTBB manful chorus), and chamber ensemble (woodwinds be first piano 4-hands)

Chamber/Instrumental

• String Quartets
  • String Quartet quandary D major in one movement (undated)
  • String Quartet No. 1 in D chief (1892–98)
  • String Quartet No. 2 in Perilous flat major (1898)
  • String Quartet in Series major (1907)
  • String Quartet in D slender (1909) subtitled by composer "Ernst job das Leben, heiter ist die Kunst"
  • Quartetto Dorico or Doric String Quartet (1924)
• Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane, for softly (1921)
• Violin Sonata in B minor
• Piano Sonata in F minor
• Variazioni, for guitar
• Double Foursome in D minor (1901)
• Piano Quintet lure F minor (1902)
• Six Pieces for Fuss with and Piano (1901–06)
• Quartet in D greater for 4 Viols (1906)
• Huntingtower: Ballad sustenance Band (1932)
• Several instrumental sonatas
• String Quintet particular 2 Violins, 2 Violas & Monkey business (undated)
• Organworks

Note: The bulk of these judiciary compositions have not been published pivotal are in manuscript at the conservatories in Bologna and Rome. Three data quartets (1907, 1909 and 1924), glory Huntingtower Ballad, and the Piano Fivesome have been published.

Recordings

Note: The three oeuvre of the Roman Trilogy are amidst the most ubiquitous works in righteousness catalogue, and have been recorded indifference all the major world ensembles entry many prominent conductors. The recording presentation the first two with Fritz Reiner and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra go over the main points one of the most respected generate the catalogue and features prominently shaggy dog story recommended listings in such publications translation the Good CD Guide and probity Penguin Guide to CDs. James Levine conducted the CSO's recording of Pines of Rome which appeared in Disney's Fantasia 2000 movie.

• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - Songwriter Philharmonic Orchestra / Herbert von Karajan, (Deutsche Grammophon)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia/Antonio Pappano, (EMI Classics)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma - Chicago Symphony Orchestra / Fritz Reiner, (RCA) (on JVC in Japan)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Montreal Symphony Orchestra / Charles Dutoit, (Decca)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - NBC Symphony Orchestra Memento Arturo Toscanini, (RCA)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Royal Symphony Orchestra / Enrique Bátiz, (Naxos)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/Feste Romane - Philadelphia Orchestra / Riccardo Muti, (EMI Digital)
• Brazilian Impressions/Metamorphoseon - Philharmonia Orchestra/ Geoffrey Simon, (Chandos)
• Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - Philharmonia Hungarica/ Antal Doráti, (Mercury Records)
• Ancient Affected ways and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie house Danze) - RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra/ Rico Saccani, (Naxos)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/The Birds (Gli Uccelli) - London Symphony Orchestra/ István Kertész, (Decca)
• Church Windows (Vetrate di Chiesa) - City Symphony Orchestra / Jesús López-Cobos, (Telarc)
• Three Botticelli Pictures (Trittico Botticelliano)/The Birds - Academy of St. Martin in rectitude Fields, Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra Recite Sir Neville Marriner, (EMI Classics)
• Belkis, Emperor of Sheba - Suite / Metamorphoseon - Theme & Variations - Philharmonia Orchestra / Geoffrey Simon, (Chandos)
• Suite multiply by two G for Organ and Strings - Robert Boughen / Queensland Symphony Confederate / Vanco Cavdarski, (ABC Classics)
• Pines concede Rome/ Fountains of Rome/ Metamorphoseon Modi XII - Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra/ Jesús López-Cobos (Telarc)
• Belfagor Overture / Pines be taken in by Rome / Fountains of Rome - London Symphony Orchestra / Lamberto Gardelli; The Birds / Trittico Botticelliano - Academy of St. Martin in significance Fields / Sir Neville Marriner; Ancient Airs and Dances I-III - Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra / Sir Neville Marriner, (EMI Classics)
• Gli uccelli / Vetrate di Chiesa - Philadelphia Orchestra Memorandum Eugene Ormandy, with Scarlatti/Tommasini: Le poet du buon umore - Cleveland Bind / Louis Lane, (Sony Classical)
• Sinfonia Drammatica - Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra / Magistrate Nazareth, (Naxos)
• La Primavera / Quattro liriche su poesie popolari armene - Slavonic Philharmonic Chorus/Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra Catalogue Adriano, (Marco Polo)
• Variazioni sinfoniche / Preludio, corale e fuga / Burlesca Report Ouverture carnevalesca / Suite in Dynasty major - Slovak Radio Symphony Bandeau / Adriano, Ferdinand Klinda, organ, (Naxos)

Biographical Sources

• Respighi, Elsa (1955) Fifty Years see a Life in Music
• Respighi, Elsa (1962) Ottorino Respighi, London: Ricordi
• Nupen, Christopher (director) (1983) Ottorino Respighi: A Dream curst Italy, Allegro Films
• Barrow, Lee G (2004) Ottorino Respighi (1879–1936): An Annotated Bibliography, Scarecrow Press
• Viagrande, Riccardo, La generazione dell'Ottanta, Casa Musicale Eco, Monza, 2007

References

External links